Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease that poses a major public health challenge in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Caused by four distinct but related dengue virus serotypes, infection can range from mild febrile illness to severe disease characterized by plasma leakage, hemorrhage, and organ impairment. Rapid urbanization, population density, and climate variability have contributed to the expanding global footprint of dengue transmission.

Scientific understanding of dengue spans virology, immunology, vector biology, and epidemiology. Transmission is driven primarily by Aedes mosquitoes, whose adaptation to urban environments enables sustained circulation of the virus. Host immune responses play a complex role in disease severity, particularly during secondary infections with different serotypes. These biological and ecological dimensions are widely examined at Infectious Diseases Conferences, where integrated approaches to dengue control and prevention are critically evaluated.

From a public health perspective, managing dengue virus infection requires coordinated surveillance, clinical preparedness, and vector control strategies. Early case detection, laboratory confirmation, and real-time reporting are essential for outbreak recognition. Health systems must be equipped to manage surges in cases, particularly during seasonal peaks, while ensuring appropriate triage and supportive care to reduce complications and mortality.

Clinical management of dengue focuses on early recognition of warning signs and careful fluid management rather than antiviral therapy. Misdiagnosis or delayed care can increase the risk of severe outcomes. Standardized clinical guidelines, healthcare worker training, and community awareness are critical for improving patient outcomes. Diagnostic challenges arise due to symptom overlap with other febrile illnesses, underscoring the need for accessible and reliable testing.

Vector control remains central to dengue prevention. Strategies include eliminating mosquito breeding sites, improving water storage practices, deploying larvicides, and promoting personal protective measures. Community participation and sustained behavioral change are essential for long-term effectiveness. Emerging tools such as biological control and targeted vector surveillance offer additional avenues for reducing transmission.

Looking forward, dengue control increasingly relies on integrated approaches that combine surveillance, community engagement, vaccination strategies, and climate-informed planning. Advances in data analytics and predictive modeling support early warning and targeted interventions. Strengthening dengue preparedness and response capacity remains essential for reducing disease burden and protecting populations at risk.