Chagas Disease

Vector-borne parasitic infections continue to affect millions of people, particularly in regions with limited healthcare access and surveillance systems. Chagas Disease is a chronic infection caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, primarily transmitted through triatomine bugs. The disease has both acute and chronic phases, with long-term complications affecting the heart and digestive system. This session at the Infection Conference explores transmission dynamics, clinical progression, and modern approaches to diagnosis and control.

Transmission occurs mainly through contact with infected insect vectors, but it can also spread via blood transfusion, organ transplantation, and congenital transmission. In the acute phase, symptoms may be mild or nonspecific, often leading to underdiagnosis. However, chronic infection can result in severe cardiac and gastrointestinal complications years after initial exposure. Early detection is therefore essential to prevent long-term morbidity and improve treatment outcomes.

Addressing this disease requires a combination of vector control strategies, improved diagnostic tools, and expanded access to treatment in endemic and non-endemic regions. Public health interventions, including housing improvements and insect control programs, play a critical role in reducing transmission. Strengthening surveillance systems also supports early identification of cases and helps limit the spread of infection.

In clinical and research settings, American Trypanosomiasis is used interchangeably to describe this condition, reflecting its parasitic origin and regional significance. By examining both scientific and public health perspectives, this session provides essential insights into controlling Chagas disease and reducing its long-term health impact.