Aquatic Zoonotic Diseases encompass a group of infections transmitted between aquatic animals and humans through direct contact, consumption of contaminated water or seafood, and exposure to pathogen-rich aquatic environments. These diseases arise at the intersection of environmental health, food systems, and human behavior, making them a significant concern for coastal communities, inland fisheries, and regions dependent on aquaculture. Their impact extends beyond individual illness to broader public health, economic, and ecological consequences.

Scientific study of aquatic zoonotic diseases focuses on pathogen persistence and transmission within freshwater and marine ecosystems. Bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi can survive and proliferate in aquatic reservoirs, often facilitated by environmental conditions such as temperature, salinity, and nutrient availability. Human exposure occurs through occupational activities, recreational water use, and food consumption, particularly in settings with inadequate sanitation or weak regulatory oversight. These complex transmission pathways are frequently examined at global Infectious Diseases Conferences, where environmental, veterinary, and human health perspectives are integrated.

Aquaculture and fisheries play a critical role in shaping the epidemiology of these diseases. Intensification of aquatic food production increases contact between humans and aquatic species, while high-density farming environments can amplify pathogen circulation. Inadequate biosecurity measures, improper waste management, and antimicrobial misuse further contribute to disease emergence and spread. Understanding these dynamics is essential for developing effective prevention strategies that protect both livelihoods and public health.

From a clinical standpoint, aquatic zoonotic infections may present with a wide range of manifestations, including gastrointestinal illness, skin and soft tissue infections, systemic disease, and, in severe cases, life-threatening complications. Diagnosis can be challenging due to non-specific symptoms and limited awareness of aquatic exposure histories. Strengthening clinical recognition and laboratory capacity is therefore vital for timely intervention and improved patient outcomes.

Public health responses to aquatic zoonotic diseases require coordinated surveillance and environmental monitoring. Water quality assessment, pathogen detection in aquatic species, and integration of human and animal health data enable early identification of risks. Preventive strategies also include food safety regulations, occupational health protections, and community education on safe water and seafood practices. These measures reflect a broader One Health approach that recognizes the interconnectedness of ecosystems, animal health, and human well-being.

Future directions in this field emphasize climate-responsive surveillance, genomic tools for pathogen tracking, and risk modeling to anticipate disease emergence. Advances in waterborne zoonotic infections research support more precise interventions and policy development. Continued investment in interdisciplinary research and knowledge exchange is essential for mitigating the growing risks associated with aquatic zoonotic diseases in a changing global environment.