Abstract:
Background: Despite global progress in HIV treatment, viral load suppression (VLS) among children remains below target in many low-resource settings. In Cameroon, although pediatric ART coverage has improved, the viral suppression rate among children living with HIV (CLHIV) remains sub-optimal. This study assessed the impact of parental follow-up on viral load suppression in children aged 2-5 years at the Ngaoundere Regional Hospital.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between July and August 2024 in the pediatric unit of the Ngaoundere Regional Hospital. Eighty (80) children living with HIV and their guardians were conveniently enrolled during routine clinical visits. Data were collected through structured interviews using validated questionnaire and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 22. Associations between parental factors and viral suppression (<1000 copies/mL) were assessed using the Chi-square test, with the significance threshold set at p<0.05.
Results: Of the 80 children enrolled, 57.7% (95% CI: 46.9-68.5%) achieved viral suppression. Parental demographic characteristics – including residence proximity, marital status, educational level, occupation, and relationship to the child were not significantly associated with viral suppression (p>0.05). However, significant associations were observed between viral suppression and parental adherence behaviors - participation in support groups (p=0.000), respect for scheduled clinic appointments (p=0.000), and compliance with prescribed medication (p=0.000).
Conclusion: Viral load suppression among children at the Ngaoundere Regional Hospital falls below the UNAIDS 95% target. While socio-demographic factors showed limited impact, consistent parental engagement – especially through support group participation and strict adherence to treatment routines proved crucial in improving pediatric treatment outcomes. Integrating structured caregiver support into routine pediatric HIV care is recommended to enhance viral suppression and strengthen Cameroon’s progress towards the global HIV targets.
Biography:
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